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Hashing is a one-way function that converts text into a fixed-length string of characters. Unlike encryption, hashing cannot be reversed. Websites store password hashes instead of plaintext passwords — if a database is breached, attackers only get hashes, not actual passwords.
For general-purpose hashing, SHA-256 is the standard. SHA-512 provides a longer hash and slightly more security. SHA-1 is considered deprecated for security purposes but is still used for checksums. For password storage, specialized algorithms like bcrypt or Argon2 are preferred.
No. Cryptographic hash functions are designed to be one-way. You cannot determine the original input from its hash. However, attackers can use rainbow tables or brute force to find inputs that produce a given hash, which is why strong passwords matter.